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The Symphony No. 1 in D major by Gustav Mahler was mainly composed between late 1887 and March 1888, though it incorporates music Mahler had composed for previous works. It was composed while Mahler was second conductor at the Leipzig Opera, Germany. Although in his letters Mahler almost always referred to the work as a symphony, the first two performances described it as a symphonic poem or tone poem. The work was premièred at the Vigadó Concert Hall, Budapest in 1889, but was not well received. Mahler made some major revisions for the second performance, given at Hamburg in October 1893; further alterations were made in the years prior to the first publication, in late 1898. Some modern performances and recordings give the work the title ''Titan'', despite the fact that Mahler only used this label for two early performances, and never after the work had reached its definitive four-movement form in 1896. ==Instrumentation== The symphony is scored for a large orchestra consisting of approximately 100 musicians. Unlike his later symphonies, Mahler does not use the entire forces in every movement. Several instruments are used in the last movement only, especially in the woodwinds and brass. *Woodwinds: 4 flutes (flutes 3 & 4 doubling piccolos) (flute 2 doubling piccolo in movements 1 & 4 briefly) (flute 4 tacet in movements 1, 2), 4 oboes (oboe 3 doubling English horn) (oboe 4 tacet movements 1–3), 3 clarinets in B-flat, C, A (clarinet 3 doubling bass clarinet in B-flat and clarinet in E-flat), clarinet in E-flat (doubling clarinet 4 in B-flat in movement 3 briefly, "doubled at least" in movement 4) (clarinet 4 tacet in movement 2), 3 bassoons (bassoon 3 doubling contrabassoon) *Brass: 7 horns (reinforced by 3 horns in the last movement),〔Originally, Mahler instructed that several "reinforcement" horns join the horn section for the last 76 bars of the last movement. However, in his final revision of the score, this was changed to a fifth trumpet and a fourth trombone. He also instructs all of the horns to stand up to get the largest possible sound out of the instruments.〕 4 trumpets in F (trumpets 1, 2 "from a wide distance" in movement 1). 〔Trumpet 3 doubles trumpet in B-flat "in the distance", offstage, for a brief passage in the beginning of the first movement.〕 3 trombones, tuba *Percussion: timpani,〔2 timpanists, using a total of 5 drums: For movements 1 through 3, there is one timpanist with 29″ and 26″ drums, occasionally muffled. In the last movement, the first timpanist plays these same drums, while the second timpanist utilizes three drums (29″, 26″ and 23″).〕 cymbals, triangle, tam-tam, bass drum (with a cymbal attached to be struck by the same player in movement 3) *Strings: harp (tacet in movement 2), violin I, violin II, violas, violoncellos, double basses 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Symphony No. 1 (Mahler)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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